Reading: ‘Bill Viola’

Bill Viola

  • personal narratives – a body of work chronicling personal and spiritual development
  • not like the diary-films of Jonas Mekas and George Kuchar – Viola chooses a narrative lyricism that resembles meditation more than personal picture albums
  • his earliest video tapes challenge the notion that technology is good
  • preoccupation in his work is an exploration of the self
  • interest in video as a personal medium intertwined with his spiritual quests since the mid-1970s
  • unites an interest in music, sound and image within the framework of video
  • video the perfect medium for his personal explorations of time, memory, and the human spirit
  • in video art time can be manipulated – slowed down, sped up, erased; eliminating the boundaries between past, present and future
  • Viola grapples with the basic elements of eastern and western spirituality; mystical solitude, ego-less unity with nature, the life-cycle
  • video technology is a means to an end, not an end in itself
  • Viola seeks a painterly sobriety in his work that is more akin to Romanticism than to electronic art
  • presents work in the form of large-scale, full-wall installations, as well as installations with objects
  • his work continues a life-long exploration of human consciousness and spirituality
  • for Viola the camera lens and the pupil of the eye offer means of self-reflection
  • the narratives he creates, the camera he uses, the meanings he probes form a continuous loop of investigations into the human spirit and the mysteries of human creation

Works include:

Chott el-Djerid (A Portrait in Light and Heat) (1979)

Reasons for Knocking at an Empty House (1983)

The Stopping Mind (1991)

The Passing (1991)

The Greeting (1995)

The Messenger (1996)

The Crossing (1996)

The Sleepers (1992)

Memoria (2000)

Ascension (2000)

 

Key points for me

The moving image offers a way of exploring personal quests, investigating the human spirit and creating personal narratives. Moving images can be lyrical meditations that intertwine music, sound and image within the framework of video.

 


Rush, M. (2007) Video Art London: Thames & Hudson

Reading: ‘Doug Aitken’

Doug Aitken

  • sweeping cinematic experiences in the context of video installations
  • exquisitely filmed works; difficult to tell difference between his video art and studio films, though content is not the same
  • “In my installations I don’t see the narrative ending with the image on the screen”
  • “Narrative can exist on a physical level – as much through the flow of electricity as through an image”
  • “I’d rather attempt to set up a system that brings a set of questions to the viewer”
  • breaks down standard cinematic barriers and ways of formulating narratives
  • uses multiple screens – “I want to expand the realm of perception”
  • “I make forms of communications. I use mediums as they suit the concepts”
  • shoots mainly on film and transfers to video for projection
  • “I am constantly piecing things together, finding fragments of information, splicing them, collaging them, montaging them to create a network of perceptions”
  • Electric Earth (1999) – ‘splicing’ and ‘collaging’; a colour film transferred to eight laserdiscs for projection; uses late night shots of an African-American youth dancing solo through abandoned LA streets; an elegy for a life lived in the shadows; cannot experience the work passively, the viewer must enter into it; images projected onto walls around the viewer; Aitken creates a kind of surveillance environment in which the viewer is thrust into the man’s life.

Works include:

Autumn (1993)

Monsoon (1995)

Diamond Sea (1997)

Electric Earth (1999)

Black Mirror (2011)

 

Key points for me

The moving image is not confined to mainstream cinema, nor is it restricted to traditional narrative forms. In Aitken’s work, the moving image exists on a much more physical level, ‘splicing’ and ‘collaging’ fragments of information into alternative narratives, creating environments into which the viewer is thrust.

 


Rush, M. (2007) Video Art London: Thames & Hudson

Reading: Video Art

Video Art

‘The story of video art embraces all the significant art ideas and forms of recent times – Abstract, Conceptual, Minimal, Performance and Pop art, photography, and digital art. The story also departs from art-historical categories into a new domain, that of the technological, which has its own referents and language’ (Rush, 2007, p8).

An all embracing art form

  • multiple ways of constructing a history of the medium of video art
  • history of video art so far concerns three generations of artists
  • video artists ‘spontaneously adopted a massive communications medium for their own purposes, turning an implement of commerce…into a material for art’ (Rush, 2007, p.8)
  • two difficulties for critics: (1) the language used for video art is borrowed from film; (2) there are no convenient ‘themes’ or ‘schools’ of artists to help organise critical discussion

Blurring the boundaries

  • video art emerged when boundaries between traditional art forms were becoming blurred
  • painting, performance, dance, music, film, writing, sculpture combined in single works of art
  • early video art emerged from or reacted to post-Abstract Expressionism
  • the physical and the conceptual were linked from the start in video art – remain linked today
  • performance – principle material in the medium

A hybrid art form

  • video used in combination with film, computer art, graphics, animation, virtual reality, all types of digital applications
  • video is rarely the ‘pure’ medium of a work – more often a mix
  • is video art obsolete?
  • ‘We live in a time when ideas – and not specific media – are central to artists’ (Rush, p.11)

Key points for me

There are no obvious ‘themes’ or ‘schools’ of video artists. Today’s video artists are interested in the manipulation of time and breaking the boundaries between the material used and the medium of its creation. I don’t know how I plan to use what I have learned here. Though I do have one question: how do you create something new through the medium of video in a world so saturated with moving images?

 


Rush, M. (2007) Video Art London: Thames & Hudson

Dad’s Stick (2012), John Smith

Dad’s Stick features three well-used objects that were shown to the artist by his father shortly before he died. Two of these were so steeped in history that their original forms and functions were almost completely obscured. The third object seemed to be instantly recognizable, but it turned out to be something else entirely. Focusing on these ambiguous artifacts and events relating to their history, Dad’s Stick creates a dialogue between abstraction and literal meaning, exploring the contradictions of memory to hint at the character of “a perfectionist with a steady hand” (John Smith).

My tutor suggested I look at ‘Dad’s Stick’ by John Smith.

‘Dad’s Stick’ is a tribute to the artist’s father. It opens with what appears to be an abstract multicoloured image of colours layered like stratified rock. It is then superimposed by the text: ‘My dad did a lot of painting.’ In the background we can hear the sound of knocking; wood on wood, maybe. The film goes silent for a few seconds as see some more frames of the abstract multicoloured layers, superimposed with texts. Then we cut to a series of plain coloured frames (beige, green, brown, off-white, black) superimposed with further captions, starting with ‘Dad’s colour preferences changed over the years.’ Eventually, we cut to an image of a stick, superimposed with the text ‘Shortly before he died he showed me one of the sticks that he used for stirring paint.’ It’s at this point we realise that we are looking something completely different; the cross-section of his father’s painting stick. It’s a wonderful moment.

Smith’s ‘Dad’s Stick’ is a delightful film. It’s a playful game with images, words and meanings. What at first seems like an abstract painting is in fact the cross-section of a wooden stick his father used to mix household paint before applying it to the walls of his house. What appeared to be an abstract multicoloured image is in fact the layers of paint that became encrusted on the stick over decades of painting the house. Our expectations are completely overturned by the insertion of one image, the stick.

What I like about this film is its simplicity. There are only a handful of static shots, a few superimposed captions, a couple of sound effects of knocking on wood and stirring in a teacup, and the artist’s voice in the background, singing. Yet, it’s within so few images and sounds that our perceptions are challenged and, more importantly, we are drawn into the film space and asked to recall memories of our own parents.

As I was watching the film it got me thinking about my own father and an item that once belonged to him; his large, brown tape measure, that travelled all over Cheshire with him whenever he went on site as a Cheshire County Council architect.


References

‘Dad’s Stick’ (2012), Smith, J. At: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rx2hPQ2S08k (Accessed on: 6 April 2017)

Smith, J. ‘Dad’s Stick’ At: johnsmithfilms.com/selected-works/dads-stick/ (Accessed on: 11 April 2017)